Also referred to as allergic conjunctivitis, ocular allergies are among the most common allergy types. They occur when an allergic substance irritates the conjunctiva, a delicate membrane that covers the eye from the inside. The eye is susceptible to such irritants due to its open exposure. Some of the irritants or triggers of ocular allergy are classified as follows:
- Outdoor allergens. They include pollens from weeds, grass, and trees.
- Irritants such as cigarette smoke, diesel exhaust, and perfume.
- Indoor allergens including pet dander, mold, and dust mites.
Pathophysiology of the condition
When you get into contact with the irritant, the eye reacts immunologically. The immune system is activated releasing antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins. These are chemical mediators of the human cells. Antibodies travel to the cells where they prime the release of chemicals causing an allergic reaction. Allergic reactions result to serious sequel and a variety of signs and symptoms.
Signs and symptoms of ocular conjunctivitis
- Severe itching
- Redness
- Burning sensation at the conjunctiva
- Clear, watery eye discharge
- Temporary eye blurredness
- Puffy eyes
Diagnosis of eye allergy
Diagnosis of eye allergy is relatively old fashioned and has no frills. Unlike other serious conditions, no expensive accouterments, no high powered kits, biomarkers or tear samplings are required for confirmation. Clear observation of the signs and symptoms can be used to confirm the condition. However, slit lamp examination may be requested by your allergy doctor to rule out other causes and differential diagnosis such as corneal injury.
Treatment and management
There are many ways in which you can treat the condition. Some of these ways include:
Avoiding ocular allergens is the mainstay management option for this condition. You can avoid this by keeping windows closed during high pollen periods, wearing glasses when outdoors, using mite-proof bedding covers and washing of hands after petting any animal.
You can control the signs and symptoms of the condition using over-the-counter or nonprescription medications. Artificial tears, decongestant ocular drops, and oral antihistamines are some of the products you can use. For serious reactions, consider consulting an allergist for prescription medications. Treatment regimens prescribed by the professional may include allergy shots or immunotherapy, non-sedating oral antihistamines, and eye drops.
Identifying the allergy season is of immense importance. Before panicking about what is happening to your eyes, peruse the guide above which may come in handy for home management of ocular allergy.